Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are slightly different terms usually interchangeably used. It is essential to know the difference between these two to understand the proper treatment process. Here is everything you need to know about GER and GERD and their differences.

1. Definition
GER is also commonly known as acid reflux or heartburn. It is a condition where the Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES) that connects the esophagus and the stomach does not remain closed as it usually should. As a result, the stomach contents can flow back to the esophagus, leading to a burning sensation and discomfort. GERD is a slightly advanced form of GER. It has all the symptoms of GER, except that the symptoms are more severe, pronounced, and last longer.

2. Who is at risk for the condition
GER is usually common in newborns. The LES of babies is not fully matured, and as a result, they spit milk and food during their first year. This problem usually resolves after the first year. People with unhealthy food habits and issues like obesity also develop GER. GERD is an extension of GER and is common in adults but not widely seen in babies.

3. Symptoms of the condition
GER is usually accompanied by mild heartburn, irritation in the esophagus between the chest and the stomach. In babies, the common symptoms are lots of spitting and burping. When they occur more than twice a week, GER symptoms could indicate that the condition has progressed to become GERD. With GERD, the symptoms are frequent heartburn, coughing, nausea, regurgitation, and sore throat. The symptoms are more intense in this case.

4. What causes the condition
With pediatric GER, the problem is usually immature LES. It takes at least a year after birth for the LES to strengthen, and hence, most babies are born with mild GES. In adults, both GER and GERD are caused by the following.

• Excessive consumption of alcohol
• Eating excessive spice
• Diabetes
• Connective tissue disorders
• Regular use of NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs)
• Obesity

5. Treatment options
If GER is diagnosed in babies, the doctors regularly ask the parents to avoid overfeeding and feeding in small quantities. Starting on solids can also help. In adults, lifestyle changes like losing weight, getting active, and eating fresh non-spicy foods can make a difference. Over-the-counter antacids can also bring relief. In adults with GERD, prescription medications like calcium channel blockers are prescribed to bring down stomach acid production and heal the esophagus.

If you have frequent heartburn and discomfort, especially after meals, the problem could have progressed from GER to GERD. Talk to your doctor to get clarity and the proper treatment for the condition.